-
What is the difference between Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Psychotherapists, and Counsellors?1/3
-
Building a Successful Career in Counseling and Psychotherapy Video2/3
-
Pathways to a Career in Psychotherapy3/3
Psychotherapy Degree Courses in the UK - Bachelor's & Master's
Program | University | Student satisfaction | Unemployed | Dropout | Tuition (UK) | Tuition (International) | City | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Psychology, Psychotherapy and Counselling BSc (Hons) | University of Bolton | 74% | 5% | 10% | £9250 | £37350 | 99 | Bolton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology, Psychotherapy and Counselling with foundation year BSc (Hons) | University of Bolton | 74% | 5% | 10% | £9250 | £46600 | 99 | Bolton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Top-up) BSc (Hons) | University of Portsmouth | 74% | 5% | 10% | £9250 | £18300 | 99 | Portsmouth | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy Principles and Practices BSc (Hons) | University of Derby | 88% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | £14045 | 127 | Derby | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy Principles and Practices with Foundation Year BSc (Hons) | University of Derby | 88% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | £14045 | 127 | Derby | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Studies and Principles of Psychodynamic Counselling BA (Hons) | Birkbeck, University of London | 100% | 10% | 10% | £9250 | £14560 | 95 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Studies with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | Birkbeck, University of London | 59% | 10% | 9% | £9250 | £14560 | 89 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamics of Human Development PgDip | Birkbeck, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | £6810 | £9915 | 119 | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychiatry PgDip | Brighton and Sussex Medical School | 56% | 0% | 5% | £6168 | £12336 | 119 | Brighton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Art Psychotherapy MSc | Queen Margaret University | 56% | 0% | 5% | £6700 | £14300 | 119 | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Family and Systemic Psychotherapy MSc | University of Bedfordshire | 56% | 0% | 5% | £8250 | £13275 | 119 | Luton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Dance Movement Psychotherapy MA | University of Derby | 56% | 0% | 5% | £950 | £14700 | 119 | Derby | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychoanalytic Studies MA | University of Essex | 56% | 0% | 5% | £8760 | £18800 | 119 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychoanalytic Studies MA | Birkbeck, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | £9030 | £16380 | 119 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapeutic Practice: Humanistic MA | University of Wales | 56% | 0% | 5% | £7800 | £15000 | 119 | Cardiff | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Approaches Grad Dip | University of Essex | 56% | 0% | 5% | £5782 | £12407 | 119 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Practice GradCert | Birkbeck, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | £3010 | £5460 | 119 | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies (Including Placement Year) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 3% | 10% | £9250 | £19080 | 112 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 4% | 10% | £9250 | £16850 | 105 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Practice BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 3% | 10% | £9250 | £16850 | 135 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies (Including Year Abroad) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 4% | 10% | £9250 | £16850 | 105 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychological Therapy PgDip | University of Sussex | - | - | - | - | - | - | Brighton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Mental Health: Psychological Therapies PgDip | Queen Mary University of London | - | - | - | - | - | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgDip | Goldsmiths, University of London | - | - | - | - | - | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (High Intensity) PgDip | Canterbury Christ Church University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgDip | University of Hertfordshire | - | - | - | - | - | - | Hatfield | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (Severe Mental Health) PgDip | University of Southampton | - | - | - | £7150 | - | - | Southampton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (Anxiety and Depression) PgDip | University of Southampton | - | - | - | £10029 | - | - | Southampton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (Education Mental Health Practitioner) PgDip | University of Southampton | - | - | - | - | - | Southampton | On campus Part-time | ||
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgDip | Buckinghamshire New University | - | - | - | £8950 | £13000 | - | High Wycombe | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgDip | Newcastle University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Newcastle | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy High Intensity PgDip | University of Birmingham | - | - | - | - | - | - | Birmingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgDip | Coventry University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Coventry | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy PgDip | Queen's University of Belfast | - | - | - | - | - | - | Belfast | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Low Intensity Psychological Therapies PgCert | Newcastle University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Newcastle | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Low Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with IAPT PWP Status PgCert | University of Southampton | - | - | - | £4782 | - | - | Southampton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Practice PgCert | Queen's University of Belfast | - | - | - | - | - | - | Belfast | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy PgCert | University of Oxford | - | - | - | - | - | - | Oxford | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Skills PgCert | University of South Wales | - | - | - | - | - | - | Pontypridd | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety Disorders PgCert | Newcastle University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Newcastle | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Applied Psychology (Mental Health and Psychological Therapies) MSc | Ulster University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Coleraine | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychological Therapies MSc | The University of Edinburgh | - | - | - | - | - | - | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Top-Up) MSc | Buckinghamshire New University | - | - | - | £3350 | - | - | High Wycombe | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy MSc | London Metropolitan University | - | - | - | £9300 | £13750 | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Specialist Cognitive Behavioural Therapy MSc | Queen's University of Belfast | - | - | - | - | - | - | Belfast | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy MSc | University of Central Lancashire | - | - | - | £7100 | £13500 | - | Preston | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy (Children and Adolescents) MSc | University of Derby | - | - | - | £900 | - | - | Derby | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychological Therapies and Interventions MSc (PG) | Middlesex University | - | - | - | £9200 | £14000 | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy DPhil | University of Oxford | - | - | - | - | - | - | Oxford | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy DipHE | University of Portsmouth | - | - | - | £9250 | £18300 | - | Portsmouth | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology with Psychotherapy and Counselling BSc (Hons) | University of Central Lancashire | 78% | 0% | 10% | £9250 | - | 123 | Preston | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology with Counselling and Psychotherapy BSc (Hons) | Manchester Metropolitan University | 60% | 2% | 9% | - | - | 119 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology, Psychotherapy and Counselling BSc | Burnley College | - | - | 18% | £9000 | - | - | Burnley | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support MSc | Queen Margaret University | - | - | 18% | £7200 | £16500 | - | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Health and Psychosocial Studies CertHE | Colchester Institute | - | - | 18% | £8250 | £8250 | - | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy and Counselling for Children and Young People MSc | Plymouth Marjon University | - | - | 18% | £6500 | £12000 | - | Plymouth | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy PgDip | University of Brighton | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Brighton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Humanistic Counselling and Psychotherapy PgDip | University of Brighton | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Brighton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy PgDip | University of Cumbria | - | - | 18% | £5190 | - | - | Carlisle | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy PgDip | University of South Wales | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Pontypridd | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling PgCert | University of Oxford | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Oxford | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy and Counselling MSc | The University of Warwick | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Coventry | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy MSc | University of Derby | - | - | 18% | £900 | £14700 | - | Derby | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy MSc | Birkbeck, University of London | - | - | 18% | £6810 | £9915 | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Advanced Psychotherapy and Counselling Studies MSc | Plymouth Marjon University | - | - | 18% | £6500 | £12500 | - | Plymouth | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents MSc | Birkbeck, University of London | - | - | 18% | £6810 | £9915 | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Master of Psychotherapy and Counselling (Integrated Masters) MPsychSc | Plymouth Marjon University | - | - | 18% | £9250 | £12500 | - | Plymouth | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy Studies MSc (PG) | Newman University | - | - | 18% | £10750 | - | - | Birmingham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy and Counselling – Contemporary Creative Approaches MSc (PG) | Edge Hill University | - | - | 18% | £4625 | £22000 | - | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy MPhil | Goldsmiths, University of London | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy MA | University of the West of England | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Bristol | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling MA | University of Essex | - | - | 18% | £5504 | £11814 | - | Colchester | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy and Counselling MA | University of Leeds | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Leeds | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Person-Centred Experiential Counselling and Psychotherapy Practice MA MA | The University of Nottingham | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | Nottingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Humanistic and Psychodynamic Counselling GradCert | Goldsmiths, University of London | - | - | 18% | - | - | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy FdSc | WCG -Warwickshire College Group | - | - | 0% | £7975 | £11450 | - | Leamington Spa | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapeutic Skills FdSc | Oldham College | 94% | - | 25% | £7500 | - | - | Oldham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy FdA | Blackburn College | 45% | 10% | 38% | £8250 | - | - | Blackburn | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Foundation Degree Psychodynamic Counselling FD | NESCOT North East Surrey College of Technology | 100% | - | 10% | £7800 | - | - | Epsom | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy and Counselling DPsychotherapy | The University of Edinburgh | 100% | - | 10% | - | - | - | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Counselling CertHE | Birkbeck, University of London | 100% | - | 10% | £3375 | £3375 | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy (Top-Up) BSc (Hons) | WCG -Warwickshire College Group | - | - | 10% | £7975 | £11450 | - | Leamington Spa | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy (Professional Practice) BSc (Hons) | University of Salford | 74% | 0% | 3% | - | - | 129 | Salford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy with Foundation Year BSc (Hons) | WCG -Warwickshire College Group | - | - | 10% | £4500 | £6000 | - | Leamington Spa | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy (With Foundation year ) BSc (Hons) | University of Salford | 76% | 0% | 3% | - | - | 125 | Salford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Critical Approaches to Counselling & Psychotherapy BSc (Hons) | Edge Hill University | 59% | 5% | 30% | £9250 | - | 110 | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy (Top up) BA (Hons) | Nelson and Colne College | 59% | 5% | 30% | £8250 | - | 110 | Nelson | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling & Psychotherapy BA (Hons) | Edge Hill University | 47% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | - | 108 | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy (Top-Up) BA (Hons) | Blackburn College | 47% | 5% | 5% | - | - | 108 | Blackburn | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy BA (Hons) | Burnley College | - | - | 18% | £9000 | - | - | Burnley | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Counselling and Psychotherapy BA (Hons) | Colchester Institute | 50% | 5% | 5% | £8250 | £8250 | - | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Therapeutic Counselling and Psychotherapy (Top-up) BA (Hons) BA | University Centre Peterborough | 50% | 5% | 5% | £8000 | - | - | Peterborough | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Social Research and Psychosocial Studies MRes | Birkbeck, University of London | 50% | 5% | 5% | £4515 | £8190 | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Studies MA | Birkbeck, University of London | 50% | 5% | 5% | £9030 | £16380 | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Studies BA (Hons) | University Centre Peterborough | - | - | - | £8000 | - | 67 | Peterborough | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Studies BA (Hons) | Goldsmiths, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Systemic Practice and Family Therapy PgDip | Queen's University of Belfast | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Belfast | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Clinical Neuropsychiatry PgDip | University of Birmingham | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Birmingham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Compassion Focused Therapy PgCert | University of Derby | 56% | 0% | 5% | £1333 | - | 119 | Derby | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapy PgCert | University of Worcester | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Worcester | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Family Therapy and Systemic Practice PgCert | Anglia Ruskin University | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Cambridge | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychiatry MSc (Res) | University of Oxford | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Oxford | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychiatry MSc (Res) | The University of Edinburgh | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Interventions MSc | Buckinghamshire New University | 56% | 0% | 5% | £4500 | - | 119 | High Wycombe | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychotherapy MSc MSc | University of Brighton | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Brighton | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Systemic Psychotherapy MSc | Queen's University of Belfast | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Belfast | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychosexual Therapy MSc | University of Central Lancashire | 56% | 0% | 5% | £1050 | - | 119 | Preston | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Clinical Skills in Integrative Psychotherapy MSc | Manchester Metropolitan University | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Systemic Family Therapy MSc MSc | University of Leeds | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Leeds | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Art Psychotherapy MSc (PG) | Ulster University | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Coleraine | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychiatry MPhil | The University of Manchester | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Manchester | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Art Psychotherapy MA | Goldsmiths, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Dance Movement Psychotherapy MA | Goldsmiths, University of London | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Art Psychotherapy MA | University of South Wales | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Pontypridd | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Integrative Psychotherapy MA | University of Central Lancashire | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Preston | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Clinical Brain Sciences PhD | The University of Edinburgh | 56% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 119 | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial Analysis of Offending Behaviour BSc (Hons) | Edge Hill University | 76% | 1% | 15% | £9250 | - | 122 | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies (Including Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 4% | 10% | £9250 | - | 105 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychodynamic Practice (Including Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 82% | 3% | 10% | - | - | 135 | Colchester | On campus Full-time |
Interested in online studies?
8 Online Psychotherapy Courses.Interested only in courses in London?
19 Psychotherapy Courses in London.Related Subjects:
Student Reviews
Overall student satisfaction
73
/100
1303 students of Psychotherapy in the UK replied
Primarily based on data from undergraduate degree students.
Source: National Student Survey NSS 2021
Salary
Primarily based on salary data of undergraduate students
Salary of all UK Graduates of Psychotherapy
15 months after graduation | 3 years after graduation | 5 years after graduation | |
---|---|---|---|
Median salary | £24166 | £20470 | £22755 |
25-75 percentile range | £22902 - £26286 | £13903 - £25338 | £15486 - £27802 |
Source: Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) by UK Department for Education Aug 2, 2021
All Psychotherapy courses of UK
All Psychotherapy courses of UK
Salary of all UK Graduates of all subjects
15 months after graduation | 3 years after graduation | 5 years after graduation | |
---|---|---|---|
Median salary | £25042 | £21524 | £24377 |
25-75 percentile range | £23351 - £26091 | £16232 - £24816 | £17212 - £27910 |
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Sep 29, 2021
All courses of UK
All courses of UK
Jobs & Career Perspectives
Career perspectives for Psychotherapy
15 months after graduation, graduates of this subject were asked about their current circumstances of employment, what they do, and whether their activities and perspectives are directly related to their studies.
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Sep 29, 2021
All courses of UK
All courses of UK
Current jobs
Among graduates of Psychotherapy who indicated that they are working, the percentage below represents the number who “agree” or “strongly agree” with the statements about their job.
Job in line with future plans
Utilise skills from studies
Work is meaningful
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Sep 29, 2021
Typical employers for graduates of Psychotherapy
- National Health Services
- Student health services
- Psychoanalytical institutes
- Child guidance clinics
- Special needs schools
- Psychiatric units
- Private consultancies
- Hospitals
- Businesses
Specialisations within Psychotherapy
- Psychiatry
- Psychology
- Counselling
- Social Work
Required skill level of job after 15 months
Among graduates of Psychotherapy who indicated that they are working, the percentage below represents the number of highly skilled vs non-highly skilled jobs (Unistats).
% Skilled jobs
Jobs of graduates of Psychotherapy (15 months after graduation)
Example below based on all graduates of Psychotherapy at Bournemouth University
95% | Therapy professionals |
5% | Welfare and housing associate professionals |
Source: Unistats by Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) Sep 29, 2021
Entry Requirements / Admissions
UCAS Tariff of Accepted Students for Psychotherapy
Source: Unistats by Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) Sep 29, 2021
All courses of UK
All courses of UK
Do you not fulfill the minimum requirements in terms of UCAS score, A levels, or English language requirements?
Get advice on which foundation courses are best for you to still be able to join Psychotherapy.
Get advice on which foundation courses are best for you to still be able to join Psychotherapy.
FAQ
- The following degrees are offered for Psychotherapy studies:
- Bachelor of Science (Honours) - BSc (Hons)
- Bachelor of Arts (Honours) - BA (Hons)
- Postgraduate Diploma - PgDip
- Master of Science - MSc
- Postgraduate Certificate - PgCert
- Master of Arts - MA
- Graduate Diploma - Grad Dip
- Graduate Certificate - GradCert
- Master of Science (Postgraduate) - MSc (PG)
- Doctor of Philosophy - DPhil
- Diploma of Higher Education - DipHE
- Bachelor of Science - BSc
- Certificate of Higher Education - CertHE
- Master of Psychological Science - MPsychSc
- Master of Philosophy - MPhil
- Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
- Foundation Degree in Science - FdSc
- Foundation Degree in Arts - FdA
- Foundation Degree - FD
- Doctor of Psychotherapy - DPsychotherapy
- Bachelor of Arts - BA
- Master of Research - MRes
- Master of Science (Research) - MSc (Res)
Psychotherapy and Counselling at The University of Edinburgh received the highest rating among all graduates in the National Student Survey year with a rating of 100 out of 100 among 5 respondents.
The median salary of graduates of Psychotherapy was £24166 15 months after graduation, £20470 3 years after graduation and £22755 5 years after graduation.