-
Why Study the differences between Theology and Religious Studies with Alison Milbank1/6
-
What Can You Do With a Major In - Religious Studies2/6
-
What do Religious Studies Majors Do After Graduation: Patrick Littlefield3/6
-
Why should you study with the Department of Religion Studies?4/6
-
Study Religious Studies at Victoria University of Wellington5/6
-
My experience as an undergraduate Theology and Religion student6/6
Religious Studies Degree Courses in the UK - Bachelors & Masters
Program | University | Student satisfaction | Unemployed | Dropout | Tuition (UK) | Tuition (International) | City | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Education Studies/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 104 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Computer Science and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 80% | 0% | 6% | £9250 | £11400 | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Greek/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 96% | 5% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 181 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Information Technology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics & Religion BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 83% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 106 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics (Including Placement Year) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 77% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | £16850 | 118 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 75% | 0% | 1% | £27750 | £70480 | 183 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Theology BA (Hons) | York St John University | 93% | 10% | 10% | £9250 | £12750 | 94 | York | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Sport & Physical Education BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 85% | 0% | 9% | £9250 | £11400 | 126 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Politics MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 1% | £27750 | £70480 | 186 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies (MA) MA (Hons) | The University of Edinburgh | 91% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £23100 | 155 | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Gloucestershire | 91% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £14700 | 111 | Cheltenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Sociology/Theology and Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 90% | 0% | 3% | £27750 | £70480 | 192 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Religion BA (Hons) | York St John University | 81% | 0% | 8% | £9250 | £12750 | 101 | York | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/English Literature MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 87% | 1% | 3% | £27750 | £70480 | 185 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 103 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Theology BA (Hons) | Cardiff University | 100% | 0% | 10% | £9000 | £19200 | 133 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Music/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 187 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Ethics and Society BA (Hons) | University of Chichester | 82% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £14500 | 113 | Chichester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Musical Theatre and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 122 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy & Ethics BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 103 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology & Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
French/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 74% | 0% | 0% | £27750 | £79290 | 189 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Anthropology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Wales | 60% | 5% | 0% | £9000 | £13500 | 149 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Nutrition and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 47% | 10% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | St Mary's University, Twickenham | 100% | 5% | 0% | £9250 | £12250 | 111 | Twickenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Computing Science MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 67% | 5% | 1% | £27750 | £70480 | 193 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Nutrition and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 47% | 10% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Scottish Literature MA (Hons) | The University of Edinburgh | 71% | 0% | 2% | £9250 | £23100 | 167 | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Conservation Biology and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Italian/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 15% | £27750 | £79290 | 199 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Public Relations and Media/ Religion, Philosophy & Ethics BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 103 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy & Ethics and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 83% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 115 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Philosophy BA (Hons) | Cardiff University | 45% | 0% | 0% | £9000 | £19200 | 128 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Economics and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion BA (Hons) | Durham University | 88% | 5% | 2% | £9250 | £23250 | 170 | Durham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Celtic Studies/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 182 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English Literature and Religion BA (Hons) | York St John University | 98% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | £12750 | 99 | York | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Education and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Sheffield | 75% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £20000 | 159 | Sheffield | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics (with Foundation) BA (Hons) | University of Gloucestershire | 84% | 0% | 20% | £9250 | £14700 | 111 | Cheltenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 182 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Religious Studies (with placement) BA (Hons) | University of Gloucestershire | 91% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £14700 | 111 | Cheltenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Scottish Literature/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 87% | 1% | 3% | £27750 | £81600 | 185 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Music and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 122 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Classics/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 96% | 5% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 181 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 66% | 0% | 4% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 76% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 113 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English Literature/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 96% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | £14500 | 113 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Sociology BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 73% | 5% | 8% | £9250 | £11400 | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/English Language & Linguistics MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 79% | 5% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 192 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Nottingham | 64% | 10% | 0% | £9250 | £20000 | 130 | Nottingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Southampton | 90% | 0% | 9% | £9250 | £19300 | 144 | Southampton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics/Theology BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 103 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Media and Communications/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 101 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Gaelic MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 182 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Mathematics/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 72% | 0% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 197 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Russian MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 71% | 5% | 0% | £27750 | £79290 | 187 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Media & Communication and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and English Literature MA (Hons) | The University of Edinburgh | 71% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £23100 | 167 | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Religious Studies (with Foundation) BA (Hons) | University of Gloucestershire | 91% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £14700 | 111 | Cheltenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Archaeology/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 88% | 5% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 189 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Business Management and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 80% | 0% | 1% | £9250 | £11400 | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | The University of Nottingham | 80% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £20000 | 135 | Nottingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Culture and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Nottingham | 82% | 4% | 3% | £9250 | £20000 | 139 | Nottingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Early Childhood and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology/Theology and Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 87% | 0% | 1% | £27750 | £81600 | 196 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History of Art/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 86% | 0% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 171 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | The University of Sheffield | 75% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £20000 | 159 | Sheffield | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Latin/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 96% | 5% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 181 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Chinese Studies and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Wales | 67% | 0% | 20% | £9000 | £13500 | 128 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Applied Criminology/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 72% | 10% | 11% | £9250 | £14500 | 98 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Human Biology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
International Relations and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 76% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 113 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Economics/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 85% | 0% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 187 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion with Employment Experience BA (Hons) | University of Exeter | 100% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £20000 | 139 | Exeter | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Digital Media & Information Studies/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 89% | 0% | 10% | £27750 | £70480 | 178 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Sport & Physical Education (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 85% | 0% | 9% | £9250 | £11400 | 126 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Business Management/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 98 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Social and Public Policy MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 191 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Social Policy BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 100% | 0% | 10% | £9250 | £11400 | 115 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
German/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 53% | 0% | 10% | £27750 | £79290 | 184 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Business Management/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics (with Professional Placement) BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 91% | 5% | 15% | £9250 | £14500 | 98 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Social Care (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 72% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 126 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics (Including Year Abroad) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 77% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | £16850 | 118 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Celtic Civilisation/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 182 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Society and Culture BA (Hons) | Durham University | 83% | 5% | 2% | £9250 | £23250 | 170 | Durham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English Language and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 88% | 0% | 10% | £9250 | £11400 | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Conservation Biology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Theology (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Scottish History/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 77% | 3% | 2% | £27750 | £81600 | 180 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy Religion and Ethics with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | University of Roehampton | 100% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £13145 | 109 | Roehampton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Mathematics and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 95% | 15% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Theatre Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 5% | £27750 | £70480 | 175 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Spanish/Theology and Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 8% | £27750 | £79290 | 191 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Roehampton | 100% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | £13145 | 109 | Roehampton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Musical Theatre and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 122 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies/Comparative Literature MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 49% | 15% | 0% | £27750 | £70480 | 182 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Creative Writing and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 74% | 10% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 112 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Mathematics and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 95% | 15% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Religion and Ethics with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | St Mary's University, Twickenham | 100% | 5% | 0% | £9250 | £12250 | 111 | Twickenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Theology BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Portuguese/Theology and Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 83% | 0% | 8% | £27750 | £79290 | 191 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | 90% | 0% | 20% | £9250 | £14500 | 106 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Social Care BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 72% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 126 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History/Theology & Religious Studies MA (Hons) | University of Glasgow | 77% | 3% | 2% | £27750 | £70480 | 180 | Glasgow | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 77% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | £16850 | 118 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Gloucestershire | 84% | 0% | 20% | £9250 | £14700 | 111 | Cheltenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Creative Writing and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 74% | 10% | 5% | £9250 | £11400 | 112 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Information Technology and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Film & Visual Culture and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Drama and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | £11400 | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion with Year Abroad BA (Hons) | University of Southampton | 90% | 0% | 9% | £9250 | £19300 | 144 | Southampton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Computer Science and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 80% | 0% | 6% | £9250 | £11400 | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics, Religion and Values (Placement Year) BA (Hons) | Lancaster University | 87% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 149 | Lancaster | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Media & Communication and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Education and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Politics and Society BA (Hons) | King's College London | 75% | 0% | 16% | £9250 | - | 159 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Chester | 100% | 10% | 10% | £9250 | - | 106 | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | King's College London | 81% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | - | 161 | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Drama and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Winchester | 91% | 0% | 20% | £9250 | - | 100 | Winchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion Culture and Society (Foundation Entry) BA (Hons) | University of Central Lancashire | 68% | 0% | 5% | £6000 | - | 108 | Preston | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion BA (Hons) | Edge Hill University | 91% | 10% | 4% | £9250 | - | 123 | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Winchester | 90% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | - | 111 | Winchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Psychology and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 66% | 0% | 4% | £9250 | - | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 76% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 113 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies (including a Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Chester | 100% | 10% | 5% | £9250 | - | 115 | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Philosophy BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | 0% | 30% | £9000 | £13500 | 141 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Theology BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | 0% | 10% | £9000 | £13500 | 141 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
International Relations and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 76% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 113 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion (including a Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Chester | 100% | 10% | 10% | £9250 | - | 106 | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Economics and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics, Religion and Philosophy BA (Hons) | University of Birmingham | 72% | 1% | 0% | £9250 | - | 155 | Birmingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Education and Religion BA (Hons) | Edge Hill University | 89% | 1% | 0% | £9250 | - | 123 | Ormskirk | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | 0% | 30% | £9000 | £13500 | 141 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Human Biology and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BSc | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion with Foundation BA (Hons) | Durham University | 88% | 5% | 2% | £9250 | - | 170 | Durham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy & Ethics and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 83% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 115 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Theology with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | 0% | 10% | £9000 | £13500 | 141 | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Birmingham | 88% | 0% | 0% | £9250 | - | 162 | Birmingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 83% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 106 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religions, Philosophies and Ethics (Professional Placement Year) BA (Hons) | Bath Spa University | 70% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 108 | Bath | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Social Policy (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 100% | 0% | 10% | £9250 | - | 115 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Chester | 100% | 10% | 0% | £9250 | - | 115 | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Religion and Ethics (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | The University of Winchester | 91% | 0% | 20% | £9250 | - | 100 | Winchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | Bangor University | 96% | 0% | 5% | £9000 | - | 112 | Bangor | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology & Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 125 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Cymraeg and Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | Bangor University | 96% | 0% | 5% | £9000 | - | 112 | Bangor | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Early Childhood and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 121 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Film & Visual Culture and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 120 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English Language and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 88% | 0% | 10% | £9250 | - | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religions, Philosophies and Ethics BA (Hons) | Bath Spa University | 70% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 108 | Bath | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Business Management and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 80% | 0% | 1% | £9250 | - | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Modern Languages and Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | Bangor University | 96% | 0% | 5% | £9000 | - | 112 | Bangor | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics (Including Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | 77% | 5% | 5% | £9250 | - | 118 | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics, Religion and Values BA (Hons) | Lancaster University | 87% | 0% | 5% | £9250 | - | 149 | Lancaster | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion, and Ethics (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | The University of Winchester | 90% | 0% | 15% | £9250 | - | 111 | Winchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Music and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 87% | 10% | 15% | £9250 | - | 122 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies and Sociology (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | 73% | 5% | 8% | £9250 | - | 116 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | University of Hertfordshire | 82% | 10% | 5% | - | - | 97 | Hatfield | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Kent | 97% | 0% | 15% | - | - | 123 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Ethics, Religion and Philosophy BA (Hons) | Manchester Metropolitan University | 79% | 1% | 20% | - | - | 134 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Professional Education BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 67% | 0% | 1% | - | - | 193 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies MPhil | The University of Edinburgh | 91% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 155 | Edinburgh | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies with Education BEd (Hons) | Stranmillis University College | 50% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 139 | Belfast | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Celtic & Anglo Saxon Studies and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 100% | 0% | 10% | - | - | 173 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Gaelic Studies and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 100% | 0% | 10% | - | - | 173 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 100% | 0% | 10% | - | - | 173 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Professional Education BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 67% | 0% | 1% | - | - | 193 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Sociology and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 86% | 0% | 10% | - | - | 167 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English Studies and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 91% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 173 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 91% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 177 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Religion BA (Hons) | The University of Manchester | 73% | 0% | 3% | - | - | 157 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Leeds | 61% | 5% | 10% | - | - | 144 | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Sociology BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 81% | 5% | 4% | - | - | 163 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
International Relations and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 87% | 3% | 5% | - | - | 176 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Politics and Society BA (Hons) | University of Leeds | 71% | 0% | 0% | - | - | 142 | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religions, Theology and Ethics BA (Hons) | The University of Manchester | 63% | 5% | 0% | - | - | 153 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 93% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 173 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Ethics, Religion and Philosophy (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Manchester Metropolitan University | 79% | 1% | 20% | - | - | 134 | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 93% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 173 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Spanish & Latin American Studies and Theology & Religion (5 yrs) MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 100% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 189 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
English and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 85% | 0% | 2% | - | - | 176 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
French and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 87% | 5% | 5% | - | - | 173 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | 88% | 10% | 0% | - | - | 179 | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Anthropology and Theology and Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 93% | 0% | 0% | - | - | 177 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 91% | 3% | 2% | - | - | 185 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Spanish & Latin American Studies and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | 100% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 189 | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Leeds | 71% | 0% | 15% | - | - | 132 | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Oxford | - | 2% | 0% | - | - | 180 | Oxford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Oriental Studies BA (Hons) | University of Oxford | - | 1% | 0% | - | - | 180 | Oxford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Religion, and Philosophy of Religion BA (Hons) | University of Cambridge | - | 0% | 0% | - | - | 194 | Cambridge | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Archaeology/Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | - | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £14500 | 194 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies PhD | University of Kent | - | 0% | 0% | £4195 | £13810 | 194 | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Law and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | - | 0% | 0% | £9250 | £11400 | 194 | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion BA (Hons) | Leeds Trinity University | - | - | - | £9250 | £12000 | - | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Ancient Religions MA (PG) | University of Wales | - | - | - | £7800 | £15000 | - | Cardiff | online Part-time | |
![]() |
Social Anthropology (Religion in the Contemporary World) MSc | The London School of Economics and Political Science | - | - | - | £15216 | £23520 | - | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Philosophy and Ethics BA (Hons) | York St John University | - | - | - | £9250 | £12750 | - | York | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Theology with Study Abroad MArts (Hons) | University of Bristol | - | - | - | £9250 | £20100 | - | Bristol | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies MA | Bishop Grosseteste University | - | - | - | £7650 | £14280 | - | Lincoln | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
International Development and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | - | - | £9000 | £13500 | - | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Society MA | Durham University | - | - | - | £5940 | £12595 | - | Durham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religion in Global Politics MA | SOAS, University of London | - | - | - | £10170 | £20930 | - | London | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | - | - | £9000 | £13500 | - | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
History and Theology, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | St Mary's University, Twickenham | - | - | - | £9250 | £12250 | - | Twickenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
International Relations/Religion, Philosophy & Ethics BA/BSc (Hons) | Canterbury Christ Church University | - | - | - | £9250 | £14500 | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Heritage and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | - | - | £9000 | £13500 | - | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Education Studies and Theology, Religion and Ethics BA (Hons) | St Mary's University, Twickenham | - | - | - | £9250 | £12250 | - | Twickenham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies with Foundation Year BA (Hons) | University of Wales | - | - | - | £9000 | £13500 | - | Cardiff | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Culture and Society MA | University of Central Lancashire | - | - | - | £785 | - | - | Preston | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religion MA | University of Bristol | - | - | - | £4850 | - | - | Bristol | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religions and Theology PhD | The University of Manchester | - | - | - | - | £20500 | - | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Theology MPhil | University of Bristol | - | - | - | £2283 | - | - | Bristol | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies (including a Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | University of Chester | - | - | - | £9250 | - | - | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics (Including Foundation Year and Year Abroad) BA (Hons) | University of Essex | - | - | - | £9250 | - | - | Colchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion with Foundation Year in Arts and Communication BA (Hons) | Leeds Trinity University | - | - | - | £9250 | - | - | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Classical Indian Religion MPhil | University of Oxford | - | - | - | - | - | - | Oxford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies PgCert | Lancaster University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Lancaster | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Science and Religion MSc | The University of Edinburgh | - | - | - | - | - | - | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies MA (Res) | Canterbury Christ Church University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion MA | University of Exeter | - | - | - | - | - | - | Exeter | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy of Religion and Ethics MA | University of Birmingham | - | - | - | - | - | - | Birmingham | online Full-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies MA | University of Chester | - | - | - | - | - | - | Chester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Conflict MA | Lancaster University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Lancaster | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies MPhil MPhil | The University of Nottingham | - | - | - | - | - | - | Nottingham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
PGCE 7-14 Years Religious Studies PGCE | Canterbury Christ Church University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Diplomacy and Religion MA | Lancaster University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Lancaster | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Art History and Theology & Religion MA (Hons) | University of Aberdeen | - | - | - | - | - | - | Aberdeen | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies PhD PhD | The University of Nottingham | - | - | - | - | - | - | Nottingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Death, Religion and Culture MA | The University of Winchester | - | - | - | - | - | - | Winchester | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religion MA (Res) | University of Birmingham | - | - | - | - | - | - | Birmingham | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Religion MA | Lancaster University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Lancaster | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies (Secondary) PGCE PGCE | University of Brighton | - | - | - | - | - | - | Brighton | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
MA Religion in Society MA | York St John University | - | - | - | - | - | - | York | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology and Religious Studies MTh | The University of Edinburgh | - | - | - | - | - | - | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Study of Religions MSt | University of Oxford | 92% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 164 | Oxford | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion, Politics and Society PgDip | University of Birmingham | 92% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 164 | Birmingham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies MRes MRes | The University of Nottingham | 92% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 164 | Nottingham | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religious Studies PhD | Goldsmiths, University of London | 92% | 0% | 5% | - | - | 164 | London | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
History and Philosophy of Science and Theology and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Leeds | - | - | - | - | - | - | Leeds | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Law and Religious Studies (with Foundation Year) BA (Hons) | Liverpool Hope University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Liverpool | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Philosophy & Religious Studies (MA by Research) MA | Liverpool Hope University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Liverpool | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Religion - Distance Learning Programme MA (Res) | Bangor University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Bangor | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Politics and Religion BA (Hons) | University of Stirling | - | - | - | - | - | - | Stirling | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Comparative Religion and Social Anthropology BA (Hons) | The University of Manchester | - | - | - | - | - | - | Manchester | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Religion and Literature MSc | The University of Edinburgh | - | - | - | - | - | - | Edinburgh | On campus Part-time | |
![]() |
Religion (Canterbury) MA | University of Kent | - | - | - | - | - | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Philosophy and Religious Studies BA (Hons) | University of Kent | - | - | - | - | - | - | Canterbury | On campus Full-time | |
![]() |
Theology, Philosophy & Religion MA | Liverpool Hope University | - | - | - | - | - | - | Liverpool | On campus Part-time |
Interested in online studies?
14 Online Religious Studies Courses.Interested only in courses in London?
11 Religious Studies Courses in London.Related subjects - UK degree programs:
Student Reviews
Source: National
Student Survey NSS 2022
The NSS is commissioned by the Office for Students
Salary
Primarily based on salary data of undergraduate students
Salary of all UK Graduates of Religious Studies
15 months after graduation | 3 years after graduation | 5 years after graduation | |
---|---|---|---|
Median salary | £23230 | £21984 | £24753 |
25-75 percentile range | £18266 - £26023 | £14721 - £27536 | £16715 - £32346 |
Source: Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) by UK Department for Education Dec 20, 2022
All Religious Studies courses in the UK
All Religious Studies courses in the UK
Salary of all UK Graduates of all subjects
15 months after graduation | 3 years after graduation | 5 years after graduation | |
---|---|---|---|
Median salary | £23220 | £22996 | £27769 |
25-75 percentile range | £19661 - £26893 | £18344 - £27808 | £21760 - £35638 |
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Dec 20, 2022
Jobs & Career Perspectives
Career perspectives for Religious Studies
15 months after graduation, graduates of this subject were asked about their current circumstances of employment, what they do, and whether their activities and perspectives are directly related to their studies.
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Dec 20, 2022
Current jobs
Among graduates of Religious Studies who indicated that they are working, the percentage below represents the number who “agree” or “strongly agree” with the statements about their job.
Job in line with future plans
Utilise skills from studies
Work is meaningful
Source: HESA - Graduate Outcomes Survey Dec 20, 2022
Typical employers for graduates of Religious Studies
- The Church and other religious organisations
- National and Local Government
- Schools, Colleges and Universities
- Charities, Voluntary and not- for- profit organisations
- Social Services
- Financial and Legal firms
- The National Health Service
- Publishing and Media companies
- PR, Advertising, Sales and Marketing companies.
Specialisations within Religious Studies
- Divinity
- Religious Education
- Sacred Theology
- Talmudic Law
- Theology
Jobs of graduates of Religious Studies (15 months after graduation)
Example below based on all graduates of Religious Studies at Canterbury Christ Church University
15% | Teaching Professionals |
15% | Elementary occupations |
15% | Teaching and Childcare Support Occupation |
5% | Managers, directors and senior officials |
5% | Administrative occupations |
5% | Welfare Professionals |
5% | Media Professionals |
5% | Welfare and housing associate professionals |
5% | Business and public service associate professionals |
5% | Artistic, literary and media occupations |
Source: Unistats by Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) Dec 20, 2022
Grading & Study Time
Assessment Methods
Study Time Distribution
Grading Distribution
Students of Religious Studies in the UK received the following grades.
Source: Unistats by Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) 2016
Entry Requirements / Admissions
UCAS Tariff of Accepted Students for Religious Studies
Source: Unistats by Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) Dec 20, 2022
Do you not fulfill the minimum requirements in terms of UCAS score, A levels, or English language requirements?
Get advice on which foundation courses are best for you to still be able to join Religious Studies.
Get advice on which foundation courses are best for you to still be able to join Religious Studies.
FAQ
The median salary of graduates of Religious Studies was £23230 15 months after graduation, £21984 3 years after graduation and £24753 5 years after graduation.
- The following degrees are offered for Religious Studies studies:
- Bachelor of Arts (Honours) / Bachelor of Science (Honours) - BA/BSc (Hons)
- Bachelor of Arts (Honours) - BA (Hons)
- Master of Arts (Honours) - MA (Hons)
- Bachelor of Science - BSc
- Master of Philosophy - MPhil
- Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
- Bachelor of Education (Honours) - BEd (Hons)
- Master of Arts (Postgraduate) - MA (PG)
- Master of Science - MSc
- Master of Arts (Honours) - MArts (Hons)
- Master of Arts - MA
- Postgraduate Certificate - PgCert
- Master of Research - MA (Res)
- Postgraduate Diploma - PgDip
- Postgraduate Certificate in Education - PGCE
- Master of Theology - MTh
- Master of Science (Research) - MSc (Res)
- Master of Studies - MSt
- Master of Research - MRes
Celtic & Anglo Saxon Studies and Theology & Religion - MA (Hons) at University of Aberdeen received the highest rating among all graduates in the National Student Survey year with a rating of 100 out of 100 among 10 respondents.